The legend goes that the city of Siena (also known as Sienna) was founded by Senio and Ascanio, sons of Remo. History however tells that it most likely started out as a Roman military outpost, which was greatly expanded over the years under the Lombards and later the Franks. In the 13th and 15th centuries, Siena became a very important regional player following the significant clashes with the nearby and powerful city of Florence, which ultimately managed to prevail after many battles. In spite of these disputes, art in the city flourished and many of the great artists of the time worked in Siena, leaving behind spectacular artwork and buildings such as the Duomo, the Palazzo Pubblico (City Hall) and the Torre del Mangia.

A group of very different rulers, which included the Emperor Charles V and Cosimo I, fostered the expansion of Siena's economic power, which was also facilitated by the presence of the well-known bank of Monte dei Paschi di Siena, which has guaranteed investments and securities on behalf of the Sienese population for centuries.

The face of Siena today is that of a city popular with tourists that is well-known for having successfully preserved the remarkable harmony of its urban planning as well as its centuries-old traditions. Its image is that of the Piazza del Campo and small medieval streets filled with tourists from all over the world who have come to admire the beautiful cathedral and other wonderful artworks or to savor the delicious flavors of traditional Sienese food. The streets of Siena are also full of stores and little shops which sell a bit of everything. If shopping for clothes and accessories however, Via di Città, Banchi di Sopra and Via Dei Montanini are considered the main streets to check out. The styles on offer include everything from trendy to modern chic and of course all the best Italian labels can be found around this area. Nestled among the different stores are gelaterias, pizzeras and great trattorias.

The best time for finding great buys is during the bi-annual sales in July or February when prices are slashed up to 50% to make way for the new collections.
Siena is a city of different striking contrasts that co-exist. It can be a microcosm of very old rites as exemplified by the Palio, an annual medieval horserace which both strongly unites and divides the Sienese as one's identity with a "contrade" or neighborhood tops affiliation to the city in this contest. It would be misleading to consider the Palio, which unfolds every 2nd of July and 16th of August, as a mere folk tradition. It is symbolic of Siena's spirit and provided a continuous bond between its past, present and future. 

The event reinforces among the population a strong sense of belonging and loyalty to the city and, needless to say, to the contrades.
Siena can also be a macrocosm rich in history, art and culture, all of the elements which make up its world heritage. It can be international in nature, as it is a popular place for foreigners to finish their studies or as a place to live. An enriching experience awaits all visitors, particularly those who can appreciate the city's many old traditions.
Siena is also home to Siena Jazz, which brings together world-famous players.
Siena is also used to refer to the hills and fields of flowers surrounding the city.